The Era of Expansion

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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

“The Indian tribes who have a right to those lands [release by the U.S.], are to quietly enjoy them, hunting, planting, and dwelling thereon, so long as they please, without any molestation from the United States . . . .” —from the Treaty of Greenville

According to the Treaty of Greenville, how long were the Native Americans allowed to occupy their lands in the Northwest Territory?

a.	a time limit is unclear	c.	ten years
b.	five years	d.	indefinitely

“The United States will protect all . . . Indian tribes . . . against all citizens of the United States, and against all other white persons who intrude upon [the Indians]. And the said Indian tribes again acknowledge themselves to be under the protection of the said United States, and no other power whatever.” —from the Treaty of Greenville

The Treaty of Greenville placed the Native Americans under whose protection?

a.	their own	c.	the British
b.	the United States	d.	the settlers in the area

What transportation project from Albany to Buffalo was completed in 1825?

a.	Wilderness Road	c.	National Road
b.	Albany Turnpike	d.	Erie Canal

The solution that emerged in the Missouri Compromise was to admit Missouri

a.	as a free state and Maine as a slave state.
b.	as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
c.	as a slave state and prohibit slavery in the rest of the western territories.
d.	as a slave state but ban free African Americans from entering the state.

According to this illustration, the year 1825 symbolizes the ____ of the Erie Canal.

a.	open demise	c.	opening for public use
b.	opening of the nation’s waterways and	d.	opening for private use

Most German immigrants arriving between 1815 and 1860 settled in the

a.	Northeast.	c.	South.
b.	Midwest.	d.	Southeast.

Manifest Destiny was the idea that God had given the continent to

a.	white men, and expected them to bring Christianity to the Native Americans.
b.	Americans, and it was their destiny to become the greatest nation in the world.
c.	Americans, and wanted them to settle western land.
d.	Americans, and it was their duty to protect the environment.

Mountain men played a vital role in western settlement because they

a.	protected the wagon trains from Native American attacks.
b.	taught emigrants how to steer the covered wagons and train the oxen.
c.	supplied the wagon trains with food and clothing.
d.	carved out several east-to-west passages the wagon trains followed.

Under the National Colonization Act, Mexico gave 26 empresarios large grants of Texas land in exchange for a promise to

a.	farm the land.	c.	remove the Native Americans.
b.	fill the land with a number of settlers.	d.	pay a specified rent to Mexico.

10.

In the 1844 presidential race, candidate James K. Polk promised to

a.	annex Texas, Oregon, and Louisiana.
b.	annex Texas and Oregon, and buy California from Mexico.
c.	buy Texas and California from Mexico.
d.	annex Texas, Oregon, and California.

11.

The first pioneers became known as squatters because they

a.	settled on the area’s best land.	c.	set up underground shelters.
b.	settled on land they did not own.	d.	did not want to pay for their land.

12.

Mexico invited Americans and other foreigners to settle in Texas because

a.	Mexican citizens did not want to move to unsuitable farmland.
b.	as a new country, Mexico wanted to promote better relations with other countries.
c.	Mexico wanted to persuade more people to become Mexican citizens.
d.	Mexico could not persuade its own citizens to move closer to Native Americans.

13.

In the 1844 presidential race, former president Martin Van Buren lost his party’s nomination because he

a.	wanted to annex Texas as a free state.	c.	did not support annexation.
b.	wanted to annex Texas as a slave state.	d.	did not take a stand on annexation.

14.

In the peace treaty that ended the war between Mexico and the United States, Mexico accepted ____ as the southern border of Texas.

a.	the Nueces River	c.	the 54° 40’ north latitude line
b.	the Rio Grande	d.	the 54° 40’ south latitude line

15.

According to the map, from Austin to the closest ocean is approximately

a.	50 miles.	c.	150 miles.
b.	100-125 miles.	d.	more than 150 miles.

16.

For people on the first wagon train traveling to what is present-day Oregon, they may have lived for ___ without having the same rights of other citizens of the U.S.

a.	5 years	c.	more than 15 years
b.	10 years	d.	more than 20 years

“Texas is now ours. Already, before these words are written, her Convention has undoubtedly ratified the acceptance, by her Congress, or our proffered invitation into the Union; and made the requisite changes in her already republican form of constitution to adapt it to it future federal relations. . . . [It is] the manifest destiny [of Americans] to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.” —excerpt from article by John Louis O’Sullivan in United States Magazine and Democratic Review

17.

In the above excerpt, O’Sullivan discusses the justification for the United States to

a.	annex Texas and expand settlement to western U.S. lands according to its inherent right of Manifest Destiny.
b.	develop the goal of expanding Texas westward and southward to spread its development.
c.	accept annexation of Texas from Great Britain and occupy the territory.
d.	forcefully take over Texas and demand that it adopt the U.S. occupation regulations.

Wagons West! 1800s
Squatters	pioneers who settled on lands they did not own
Preemption Act of 1830	law that guaranteed squatters the right to claim land before it was surveyed
Oregon Trail, California Trail, Santa Fe Trail	routes from east to west that had been carved out
Treaty of Fort Laramie	peace accord between federal government and Native American groups who agreed to specific geographic boundaries
overlanders	travelers on wagon trains headed west

18.

According to the chart, pioneers in the mid 1800s ____ property.

a.	could make their way to surveyed territory and visibly settle down to claim
b.	could mail the government land claims and were guaranteed
c.	relied on the Preemption Act of 1830 but found the it was necessary to fight for government surveyed
d.	would agree to head west in order to move Native American groups to government

The Mormon Religious Freedom Quest
Joseph Smith original leader	Brigham Young took over	Led along Mormon Trail	Great Salt Lake in Utah

19.

According to the above chart, the Mormon’s migration ended

a.	during Joseph Smith’s lifetime.
b.	when Brigham Young became the Mormon church’s leader.
c.	at the Great Salt Lake.
d.	over the Mormon Trail.

“My father sent for me. I saw he was dying. I took his hand in mine. He said, ‘My son, my body is returning to my mother earth, and my spirit is going very soon to see the Great Spirit Chief. When I am gone, think of your country. You are the chief of these people. They look to you to guide them. Always remember that your father never sold his country. You must stop your ears whenever you are asked to sign a treaty selling your home. A few years more, and white men will be all around you. They have their eyes on this land. My son, never forget my dying words. This country holds your father’s body. Never sell the bones of your father and your mother.’” —Chief Joseph, leader of the Nez Perce tribe

20.

What does this passage suggest is the proper action fo Native Americans during the days of Western migration?

a.	They had to fight for the lands they lived on.
b.	They should cooperated with missionaries and tejanos who were trying to assimilate them into their way of life.
c.	The Native Americans should struggle to hold true to their culture and heritage.
d.	The Native Americans should struggle to ignore the white men who wanted their lands and to resist signing any treaties that affected the ownership of those lands.

21.

If their dollars were equivalent to today’s dollars, gold miners would be able to spend a day’s wages on

a.	one weeks worth of soda.	c.	six months of groceries.
b.	one month’s car payment.	d.	two months of rent.

“It is said that the people of the United States have a hereditary superiority of race over the Mexicans, which gives them the right to subjugate and keep in bondage the inferior nation. . . . Is it compatible with the principle of democracy, which rejects every hereditary claim of individuals, to admit a hereditary superiority of races? . . . Among ourselves the most ignorant, the most inferior, either in physical or mental faculties, is recognized as having equal rights, and he has an equal vote with anyone, however superior to him in all those respects. This is founded on the immutable principle that no one man is born with the right to governing another man.”— Albert Gallatin, quoted in The Mission of the United States

22.

In the passage above, Albert Gallatin is arguing for U.S. superiority over its neighbors because he feels it violates

a.	the belief that all men are created equal.
b.	the freedom to pursue happiness.
c.	the U.S. law and shows disrespect of one’s right to inherit property.
d.	international law and Mexican law.

“Texas is now ours. . . . The next session of Congress will see the representatives of the new young state in their places in both our halls of national legislation, side by side with those of the old Thirteen. . . . Why . . . [have] other nations . . . undertaken to intrude themselves into [the question of Texas]? Between us and the proper parties to the case, in a spirit of hostile interference against us, for the avowed object of thwarting our policy and hampering our power, limiting our greatness and checking the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.”— John O’Sullivan, quoted in Annexation

23.

In the above July 1845 article, John O’Sullivan used

a.	his power to persuade Congress to limit the arrival in the U.S. of people fleeing Texas.
b.	his influence to dictate the political parties’ platforms of curbing expansion
c.	the surrender of Mexico to celebrate and exemplify the ideals of interventionism.
d.	the annexation of Texas to support the ideals of preventing foreign intervention in the United States by hostile interfering nations.

“For security, most of the mission’s residences were connected, and all windows faced inward. The entrances were locked at night. A covered arcade, or outdoor hallway, ran along the inner walls of the residences. The complex was usually dominated by a large church. Thousands of Native Americans were lured to the mission by gifts and by the prospect of finding safety and food. They were instructed in Catholicism and Spanish and put to work.”— from “Spanish Missions” in National Geographic

24.

This passage reveals the Spanish settlers’ chief goal of

a.	ministering to the poor.
b.	converting Native Americans to Catholicism.
c.	utilizing cheap labor.
d.	building a large, impressive complex.

Important People in the Settling of Texas	Their Contributions
Tejano	Spanish-speaking settlers of Texas
William Travis	Commanded the Texas army at Alamo
Stephen Austin	Most successful empresario and president of the first convention of Texas settlers
Sam Houston	Former Tennessee governor and military leader who became commander of the Texas army.
Empresarios	Agents who were given large grants of Texas land with the understanding they would populate it

25.

Which of the following was not a job of the empresarios?

a.	They recruited settlers to live on the land.
b.	They subdivided the land they were given and allocated it to families.
c.	They served as generals in the Texas army.
d.	The governed the colonies they established.

Led army of Republic of Texas to Victory at San Jacinto

Former Tennessee Governor

Sam Houston

U.S. Senator from Texas

Elected President of Republic of Texas

26.

Which of the following titles did Sam Houston not hold?

a.	Governor of Texas	c.	President of Republic
b.	Senator	d.	Commander

“January 21, 1839. The Indians have covered our house with grass & boughs & chinked it so that we are very comfortable.
August 5, 1839. I have just been exercising some [Nez Perce] boys in adding numbers. I never could make white children understand half as quick. . . .
December 9, 1847. We were hoping to have Dr. Whitman to supper with us tonight. But about sunset, Old Solomon arrived bringing the sad intelligence that Dr. & Mrs. Whitman . . . & others have been murdered by the Indians. . . . I do not see why I should expect to be preserved when more faithful servants are cut off.” —Mary Richardson Walker, quoted in Women of the West

27.

The missionary who writes these words believes that the Native Americans she is trying to help are

a.	slow learners but good workers.	c.	smart but lazy.
b.	smart and industrious.	d.	not worth her time.

28.

Polk believed no one would take enslaved persons to the Southwest because

a.	the Southwest was free territory.
b.	abolitionism was strong in the Southwest.
c.	the climate would not support plantations, which made slavery profitable.
d.	enslaved persons could easily escape to Mexico from farms in the Southwest.

29.

The Wilmot Proviso, which never passed, would have

a.	prohibited slavery in any territory gained from Mexico.
b.	prevented Congress from banning slavery in any territory gained from Mexico.
c.	created a compromise by dividing the territories into free and slave states.
d.	made it easier for slaveholders to retrieve an enslaved person.

30.

When America gained her independence from Great Britain, she also expanded her boundaries to include __________.

a.	lands west of the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River
b.	parts of northeastern Canada
c.	Florida
d.	the Louisiana Territory

31.

One purpose of the Land Ordinance of 1785 was __________.

a.	to provide the settlers with new lands
b.	to provide a method for dividing and selling public lands
c.	to provide law and order in the west
d.	to protect American Indians in the Northwest Territory

32.

Who was President of the United States during the American Revolutionary War?

a.	Thomas Jefferson	c.	George Washington
b.	Benjamin Franklin	d.	No one was president

33.

Which statement best describes population trends in the United States from 1780 to 1830?

a.	The population grew older and gradually decreased in size.
b.	High birth rates caused a population explosion.
c.	The Native American population grew faster than the-white population.
d.	Mass immigration from Europe resulted in overpopulation.

34.

Which Statement about the Mexican War is supported by the information shown on the map?

a.	It was primarily fought at sea.
b.	It concerned disputed territory on the east coast.
c.	It involved Mexico, the United States, and Canada.
d.	It allowed the United States to expand its boundaries.

35.

In the presidential election of 1800, the initial Electoral College balloting resulted in a tie between Thomas Jefferson and __________.

a.	Aaron Burr	c.	James Madison
b.	John Adams	d.	Alexander Hamilton

36.

In a controversial presidential election decided by the House of Representatives, John Quincy Adams defeated __________.

a.	Henry Clay	c.	Daniel Webster
b.	James Monroe	d.	Andrew Jackson

37.

All of the following contributed to a decline in Federalist power except __________.

a.	the War of 1812
b.	Jefferson's political moderation
c.	Jefferson's appointments to government positions
d.	John Marshall's appointment as Chief Justice

38.

The Tariff of Abominations was a name given to a protective tariff by those who thought the tariff made the South suffer while helping __________.

a.	the British	c.	New England
b.	small farmers	d.	frontier settlers in the West

39.

Some Native American peoples were called "civilized tribes" because __________.

a.	they adopted some aspects of the culture of their white neighbors
b.	they welcomed white settlers on their lands
c.	they joined together in an alliance
d.	their traditional cultures had written languages

40.

The temperance movement was an effort to __________.

a.	stop the spread of slavery
b.	give women more political power
c.	restrict the consumption of alcohol
d.	improve working conditions in factories

41.

An economic crisis is called __________.

a.	a tariff	c.	speculation
b.	credit	d.	a panic

42.

The Seneca Falls Declaration proclaimed the equality of __________.

a.	blacks and whites	c.	men and women
b.	slaves and free people	d.	rich and poor

43.

The main overland route to the West in the early 1800's was the __________.

a.	Erie Canal	c.	Trail of Tears
b.	National Road	d.	New York Central Railroad

44.

The South opposed the high tariffs of the 1820's and 1830's because __________.

a.	southerners would have to pay higher prices on imported goods at a time when crop prices were falling
b.	high tariffs made it difficult to obtain farm machines
c.	tariffs caused a decreased value of slaves
d.	southern states owed large amounts of money to France

45.

Some people opposed slavery because it was __________.

a.	unconstitutional
b.	more expensive than the cotton gin
c.	contradicting the idea of democracy
d.	causing unemployment

46.

Nat Turner led a slave revolt in __________.

a.	1890	c.	1400
b.	1831	d.	1750

47.

From 1818 to 1846, Oregon was occupied jointly by the United States and __________.

a.	Texas	c.	Spain
b.	Great Britain	d.	Russia

48.

After 1846, Oregon south of the forty-ninth parallel belonged to __________.

a.	Canada	c.	Spain
b.	Britain	d.	the United States

49.

The Gadsden Purchase provided __________.

a.	a railroad route	c.	land for farming
b.	furtrading posts	d.	gold mines

50.

As late as the 1820s, roads were very poor in the United States because __________.

a.	of their destruction during the War of 1812
b.	of state and sectional jealousies
c.	most Americans saw no need for good roads
d.	the Supreme Court ruled state governments could not use tax monies for roads