Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Often your face and fingers twitch and your eyes move rapidly during
a. | NREM sleep. | c. | Stage IV sleep. | b. | REM sleep. | d. | Stage III
sleep. |
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2.
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The basic principle of biofeedback is
a. | feedback makes learning possible. | c. | machines provide objective
feedback. | b. | feedback reduces stress. | d. | feedback is a form of analgesic. |
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3.
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Which of the following occurs during REM sleep?
a. | regular pulse rate | c. | delta waves | b. | sleepwalking | d. | dreaming |
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4.
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Sensations or perceptions without any external cause are
a. | hallucinations. | c. | illusions. | b. | daydreams. | d. | delusions. |
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5.
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The psychologist ____ believed dreams had hidden meanings.
a. | Nathaniel Kleitman | c. | Francis Crick | b. | Jacob Lawrence | d. | Sigmund Freud |
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6.
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Ideas that are not in you awreness right now, but you could recall them if you
had to are __________.
a. | preconscious ideas | c. | unconscious ideas | b. | nonconscious ideas | d. | conscious ideas |
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7.
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Barbiturates, alcohol, and Valium are classified as
a. | stimulants. | c. | depressants. | b. | opiates. | d. | inhalants. |
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8.
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Young adults who are isolated without daylight or clocks adopt
_____.
a. | a 25-hour day | c. | variable days, lasting from 23 to 30 hours | b. | a 24-hour
day | d. | a 30-hour
day |
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9.
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The controversy regarding whether and how meditation works has focused on
similar effects that can sometimes be achieved simply by
a. | being hypnotized. | c. | hallucinating. | b. | exercising. | d. | relaxing. |
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10.
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Jet lag results from _____.
a. | disruption of circadian rhythms | c. | sleep
deprivation | b. | disruption of brain wave patterns | d. | the effect of light on the pineal
gland |
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11.
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Hallucinations can be caused by
a. | fatigue. | c. | drugs. | b. | heightened emotions. | d. | all of the
above. |
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12.
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Someone suffering tension headaches might achieve relief through
a. | biofeedback. | c. | increased blood pressure. | b. | hallucinations. | d. | stimulants. |
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13.
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_____ is (are) BEST defined as our awareness of our environments and
ourselves.
a. | Alternate states of consciousness (ASCs) | c. | Selective
attention | b. | States of consciousness | d. | Consciousness |
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14.
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During a 24-hour day, people experience a sequence of changes in
__________.
a. | all are correct | c. | blood pressure | b. | body temperature | d. | sleepiness and
wakefulness |
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15.
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Sigmund Freud believed that dreams
a. | help people solve problems. | c. | contain clues to unconscious
thoughts and desires. | b. | cannot be interpreted. | d. | serve no
function. |
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16.
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Ernest Hilgard has suggested that during hypnosis the various parts of
consciousness may separate. This is known as the
a. | dissociation theory. | c. | neohypnosis theory. | b. | neodissociation theory. | d. | posthypnotic
theory. |
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17.
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Many of our basic biological functions, such as breathing, exist at the
__________.
a. | preconscious level | c. | unconscious level | b. | nonconscious level | d. | conscious level |
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18.
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Which of the following is NOT a common use of hypnosis?
a. | to aid memory | c. | to help people learn | b. | to help people forget | d. | to manage pain |
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19.
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Adults spend about ____ of their time asleep in NREM sleep.
a. | 25 percent | c. | 90 percent | b. | 75 percent | d. | 50 percent |
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20.
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According to your text, accounts of alien abduction are associated with
characteristics found in this stage of sleep.
a. | Stage 1 | c. | Stage 2 | b. | Stage 3 | d. | hypnogogic |
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21.
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What alterd state of consciousness is used to narrow your consciousness and
deal with stress from the outside world?
a. | biofeedback | c. | hypnosis | b. | sleep | d. | meditation |
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22.
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The hypnotist induces a trance by slowly persuading a participant
a. | to relax by imagining that he or she is floating. | c. | to relate past experiences to clear
the mind. | b. | to concentrate on sensations like a swinging watch. | d. | to relax and to lose interest in external
distractions. |
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23.
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What is the best way to describe the relationship between hypnotist and
participant?
a. | the participant gives up control | c. | hypnotist has total
control | b. | one of mutual distrust | d. | one of mutual participation |
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24.
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Freud stated that we use __________ to push painful or unacceptable ideas out
of our consciousness.
a. | biofeedback | c. | defense mechanisms | b. | meditation | d. | hypnosis |
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25.
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Which of the following is NOT a major approach to meditation?
a. | mindfulness meditation | c. | biological meditation | b. | breath
meditation | d. | transcendental
meditation |
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26.
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During a normal eight hour sleep cycle we tend to experience the sleep stages
__________ times.
a. | sixty | c. | three | b. | twelve | d. | five |
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27.
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Just before sleep, brain waves move from _____ waves, indicating normal
wakefulness, to _____ waves associated with drowsy relaxation.
a. | sigma; chi | c. | alpha; beta | b. | theta; delta | d. | beta; alpha |
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28.
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Kim is going to see a psychiatrist today. ithout realizing it she is
constantly distracted by T.V. shows and pocrastonates repeatedly. This desier
was most likely
on her __________.
a. | sensory awareness | c. | unconscious level | b. | preconscious level | d. | nonconscious
level |
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29.
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Who decided to focus on observeable behaviors only?
a. | John B. Watson | c. | Wilhelm Wundt | b. | Hippocrates | d. | B.F. Skinner |
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30.
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Which of the following problems does NOT lead to sleep apnea?
a. | airway blockage | c. | enlarged tonsils | b. | mental stress | d. | obesity |
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31.
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A type of altered consciousness in which people become highly suggestible is
called
a. | relaxation. | c. | hypnosis. | b. | meditation. | d. | biofeedback. |
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32.
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You are generally less productive and more accident-prone than other
workers. It is
MOST likely that you _____.
a. | are a workaholic | c. | have a Type B personality | b. | are working without
supervision | d. | are a rotating
shift worker |
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33.
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Which of the following is NOT something that can commonly be controlled with
biofeedback?
a. | brain waves | c. | sleep | b. | heart rate | d. | a single muscle |
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34.
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The _____ state occurs at the beginning of sleep when you may experience visual,
auditory, and kinesthetic sensations.
a. | transitional | c. | hypnogogic | b. | theta | d. | hypnotic |
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35.
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The psychologist believes that consciousness includes many different aspects
that may become separated, or dissociated, during hypnosis is
a. | Thomas Budzynski. | c. | Ernest Hilgard. | b. | Franz Mesmer. | d. | Theodore
Barber. |
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36.
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Which of the following does NOT characterize any stage of sleep?
a. | responsiveness to the environment | c. | altered state of
consciousness | b. | limited physical mobility | d. | rapid eye movement |
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37.
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Sleep researchers define our sleep stages in terms of __________.
a. | brain wave patterns | c. | the length of time each takes | b. | the number of times
we wake up | d. | the time of
night each occurs |
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38.
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The psychologist who argues that hypnosis is not a special state of
consciousness but simply the result of suggestibility is
a. | Franz Mesmer. | c. | Thomas Budzynski. | b. | Theodore Barber. | d. | Ernest Hilgard. |
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39.
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Which of the following is true of hypnosis?
a. | It is similar to deep sleep. | c. | The subject cannot be forced to do
things against his or her will. | b. | It cannot be used to reduce
pain. | d. | The subject becomes
less responsive to internal stress. |
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40.
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When we are awake and alert the brain emits __________.
a. | delta waves | c. | beta waves | b. | alpha waves | d. | theta waves |
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41.
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Who theorized that dreams reflect our unconscious wishes and urges?
a. | Socrates | c. | Erickson | b. | Freud | d. | Skinner |
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42.
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The sleep stage marked by irregular breathing, eye movements, high-frequency
brain
waves, and dreaming is called _____ sleep.
a. | transitional | c. | hypnogogic | b. | REM | d. | beta |
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43.
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The approach to meditation developed from a Buddhist tradition which focuses on
the present moment is called ____ meditation.
a. | relaxation | c. | mindfulness | b. | transcendental | d. | breath |
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44.
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The researcher who believes that dreams are the brain's way of removing
unneeded memories is
a. | Francis Crick. | c. | Nathaniel Kleitman. | b. | Jacob Lawrence. | d. | Sigmund Freud. |
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45.
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The most potent hallucinogenic drug is
a. | marijuana. | c. | LSD. | b. | mescaline. | d. | peyote. |
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46.
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Sleepwalking has been linked to
a. | insomnia. | c. | stress and fatigue. | b. | hallucinations. | d. | REM sleep. |
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47.
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Sleep and meditation are examples of __________.
a. | meditation | c. | altered states of consciousness | b. | circadian
rhythms | d. | hallucinations |
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48.
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A rare sleep problem where people fall asleep no matter the time is
__________.
a. | insomnia | c. | sleepwalking | b. | sleep apnea | d. | narcolepsy |
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49.
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Much of how people, animals, and even plants function is governed by
__________.
a. | REM sleep | c. | the brain | b. | circadian rhythms | d. | the nervous
system |
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50.
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If a therapist uses a __________, then he may give instructions during
hypnosis to be carried out afterwards
a. | bell | c. | reward | b. | prehypnotic suggestion | d. | posthypnotic
suggestion |
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