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Chapter 8:  Sensation and Perception



Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

Signal-detection theory attempts to find out __________.
a.
how psychological factors affect perception
c.
which cues are the most effective for showing depth
b.
the lowest sounds that people and animals can hear
d.
all of the above
 

 2. 

Through the process of sensory adaptation, we learn __________.
a.
to block out sounds we hear frequently
c.
to pay closer attention to sounds we hear frequently
b.
to block out sounds that are unfamiliar
d.
to pay closer attention to familiar images
 

 3. 

The main colors of the visible spectrum are __________.
a.
red, green, black, white, orange, and brown
c.
red, blue, and green
b.
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet
d.
yellow, orange, blue, black, and purple
 

 4. 

The lens of the eye is responsible for __________.
a.
allowing enough light to enter the eye
c.
keeping objects in focus
b.
processing an image
d.
carrying visual input to the brain
 

 5. 

Rods in the retina allow us to recognize __________.
a.
colors
c.
the depth, or distance, of objects
b.
outlines of objects
d.
the size of distant objects
 

 6. 

The cones in the retina are sensitive to __________.
a.
yellow and orange light
c.
blue, green, and red light
b.
black and white
d.
all of the above
 

 7. 

Sounds are caused by __________.
a.
electromagnetic energy
c.
motion parallax
b.
the release of sensory neurons
d.
vibrations that cause changes in air pressure
 

 8. 

The gateway from the outer ear to the middle ear is the __________.
a.
stirrup
c.
cochlea
b.
eardrum
d.
auditory nerve
 

 9. 

Conductive deafness occurs because of damage to the __________.
a.
inner ear
c.
cochlea
b.
middle ear
d.
auditory nerve
 

 10. 

Smell and taste are known as the __________.
a.
skin senses
c.
vestibular senses
b.
photoreceptor senses
d.
chemical senses
 

 11. 

A person's vestibular sense helps control __________.
a.
depth perception
c.
the process of eyes adjusting to a darkened room
b.
the perception of pain
d.
balance
 

 12. 

After wearing a pair of glasses for a while, you probably can't feel them in
contact with your skin. This is evidence of __________.
a.
natural analgesics
c.
the McCollough effect
b.
kinesthesia
d.
adaptation and habituation
 

 13. 

Once people get dressed, they do not continue to feel their clothes against
their skin because __________.
a.
touch nerves do not return to baseline firing rates until they are no
longer stimulated
c.
responsiveness to a constant stimulus increases over time
b.
the sensory input remains constant, thus the touch sense becomes
habituated to the stimulus
d.
touch nerves respond sporadically to stimuli in contact with the skin
 

 14. 

A man cannot see things in the right half of his visual world, but his vision
in the left half of his visual world is normal. Most likely, this person has
brain damage in his __________.
a.
right visual cortex
c.
left visual cortex
b.
right eye
d.
left eye
 

 15. 

In science fiction movies, when space ships shoot each other, the audience
hears a loud bang. In reality, no sound should occur because __________.
a.
it is too cold in space for sound to travel
c.
sound requires a medium like air, which is absent in the vacuum of space
b.
in space, sound travels at the speed of light-too fast for humans to
hear
d.
these sounds are beyond the range of normal human hearing
 

 16. 

The difference between the peak and the trough of a sound wave is its
__________.
a.
frequency
c.
pitch
b.
intensity
d.
wavelength
 

 17. 

Through the use of a special music synthesizer, the wavelength of a tone is
made longer. This will __________ the __________ of the tone.
a.
increase; frequency
c.
increase; amplitude
b.
decrease; frequency
d.
decrease; amplitude
 

 18. 

Hans and Franz are having a party for all their bodybuilder friends, but Hans
notices that the music is too soft and very high-pitched. He and Franz go
over to the disc jockey to see if they can do something about it. Franz says,
"Hey, deejay with your flabby pectorals-how come the music is soft and highpitched?
We don't want to listen to no wimp music! We want loud, low-pitched
music!! We want you to pump [clap] up the __________ and pump [clap] down the
__________!"
a.
frequency; amplitude
c.
timbre; frequency
b.
volume; frequency
d.
frequency; timbre
 

 19. 

Sound input from the left ear goes primarily to the __________.
a.
right cortex
c.
left cortex
b.
medulla
d.
hypothalamus
 

 20. 

You are an evil scientist taking apart a normal human eyeball. In doing this,
which of the following would you be unable to physically touch?
a.
Cornea
c.
Iris
b.
Pupil
d.
Lens
 

 21. 

Paula looks at a bright red tomato for a minute and then looks at a white
piece of paper. She is most likely going to see a __________ afterimage.
This phenomenon led to the __________ theory of color vision.
a.
blue; trichromatic
c.
yellow; opponent-process
b.
purple; trichromatic
d.
green; opponent-process
 

 22. 

After staring at a blue computer screen for a few minutes, Padra glances up at
a white wall, where she sees a __________ image.
a.
red
c.
yellow
b.
blue
d.
green
 

 23. 

The blind spot is created by __________.
a.
an increased density of photoreceptors
c.
the dendrites of retinal cells
b.
the axons of ganglion cells
d.
retinal accessory structures
 

 24. 

What is sensation?
a.
stimulation of senosory receptors
c.
your preception of feelings
b.
the way you feel
d.
none of these
 

 25. 

The minimum amount of energy needed to be sensed is called__________.
a.
absolute threshold
c.
signal-detetion theory
b.
difference threshold
d.
sensory adaption
 

 26. 

The retina is like__________ working in the eye.
a.
an informatin transmitter
c.
film in a camera
b.
a lining
d.
all of these
 

 27. 

What is the pitch of a sound?
a.
loud or soft
c.
how high or low
b.
the amplitude of the soundwaves
d.
none of these
 

 28. 

The rods in the retina are photoreceptors used primarily for__________.
a.
distinguishing different colors in daylight
c.
night vision under conditions of dim lighting
b.
focusing the image accurately on the retina
d.
fine discrimination in the center of the eye
 

 29. 

You do not constantly feel your clothing on your body because of
a.
Weber's law.
c.
sensory adaptation.
b.
kinesthesis.
d.
difference threshold.
 

 30. 

Filling in gaps in what our senses tell us is called
a.
proximity.
c.
perceptual inference.
b.
figure-ground perception.
d.
perceptual constancy.
 

 31. 

The absolute threshold is the ____ that a person can detect half of the time.
a.
greatest change in a stimulus
c.
smallest change in a stimulus
b.
weakest amount of a stimulus
d.
greatest amount of a stimulus
 

 32. 

Specialized receptor cells responsible for night vision are called
a.
lenses.
c.
rods.
b.
pupils.
d.
cones.
 

 33. 

Smell receptors send messages to the brain via the ____ nerve.
a.
olfactory
c.
optic
b.
auditory
d.
vestibular
 

 34. 

Which of the following is NOT a Gestalt principle?
a.
proximity
c.
similarity
b.
continuity
d.
illusion
 

 35. 

Which of the following is NOT part of signal-detection theory?
a.
adaptation
c.
decision making
b.
motivation
d.
sensitivity
 

 36. 

Which of the following explains the phenomenon of being able to follow one person's voice at a noisy meeting?
a.
perceptual inference
c.
subliminal perception
b.
figure-ground perception
d.
depth perception
 

 37. 

Light enters the eye through the
a.
retina.
c.
pupil.
b.
lens.
d.
cornea.
 

 38. 

The four primary sensory experiences that make up taste are
a.
sour, salty, bitter, and sweet.
c.
sweet, spicy, hot, and sour.
b.
warm, cold, spicy, and bland.
d.
salty, sweet, hot, and cold.
 

 39. 

Which of the following monocular depth cues explains why objects appear to move when you move your head from side to side?
a.
interposition
c.
motion parallax
b.
texture-density gradient
d.
relative motion
 

 40. 

Which of the following statements is true?
a.
Color deficiency affects more women than men.
c.
Color deficiency affects more men than women.
b.
Color deficiency occurs when a person's rods do not function properly.
d.
Color deficiency is due to a problem with the optic nerve.
 

 41. 

Sensation is the process of _____ raw sensory data from the internal and external world
and transmitting it to the brain.
a.
receiving and translating
c.
receiving and organizing
b.
selecting and organizing
d.
selecting, receiving, and organizing
 

 42. 

Sensory receptors are _____.
a.
body cells specialized to receive and process distinct sensory information
c.
both of these options
b.
brain cells specialized to detect and respond to stimulus energy
d.
none of these options
 

 43. 

Transduction is the process of converting _____.
a.
neural impulses into mental representations of the world
c.
stimulation of a receptor into neural impulses
b.
receptors into transmitters
d.
receptors into neural impulses
 

 44. 

The smallest magnitude of a particular stimulus energy that can be detected is called its
_____ threshold.
a.
signal
c.
absolute
b.
difference
d.
detection
 

 45. 

The difference threshold is the minimal _____.
a.
difference needed to notice a stimulus change
c.
stimulus energy that can be detected at different times by the same person
b.
stimulus energy that can be detected by different people
d.
all of these options
 

 46. 

These neurotransmitters act like morphine to inhibit pain perception.
a.
GABA
c.
endorphins
b.
epinephrine
d.
norepinephrine
 

 47. 

_____ is the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time.
a.
Frequency
c.
Electrogenesis
b.
Amplitude
d.
Transduction
 

 48. 

This is the curved, tough, protective transparent shield on the front of the eye through
which light enters.
a.
pupil
c.
lens
b.
cornea
d.
chorid
 

 49. 

The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the opening of the _____.
a.
lens
c.
pupil
b.
optic chiasm
d.
cornea
 

 50. 

The _____ is the transparent elastic structure that focuses light on the back of the eyes by changing shape.
a.
pupil
c.
fovea
b.
iris
d.
lens
 



 
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