Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of the following describes your ability to identify the sound of a musical
instrument you have heard before?
a. | recognition | c. | recall | b. | echoic memory | d. | semantic memory |
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2.
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In order to remember information for a long period of time, facts must be
__________.
a. | moved from short-term memory to sensory memory | c. | stored as icons | b. | stored as
echoes | d. | transferred from
short-term memory to long-term memory |
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3.
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According to Sigmund Freud, repression is a reaction to __________.
a. | a head injury | c. | painful and unpleasant memories | b. | illness | d. | all
of the above |
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4.
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Holding incoming information long enough for it to be processed is a function
of __________.
a. | the sensory registers | c. | long-term memory | b. | immediate memory | d. | short-term
memory |
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5.
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Which of the following is most important when trying to memorize
information?
a. | The length of exposure to the information | c. | Shifting from medium to high
stimulus intensity | b. | Using a systematic scanning
pattern | d. | Thinking about new
information in relation to existing knowledge |
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6.
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The easiest of the three basic memory tasks is __________.
a. | recall | c. | relearning | b. | recognition | d. | chunking |
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7.
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Photographic memory is also called
a. | confabulation. | c. | eidetic memory. | b. | mnemonic memory. | d. | recall. |
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8.
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During a game of Trivial Pursuit, Robyn is asked for the capital of Australia.
After thinking for a few moments she says, correctly, "Canberra." This is an
example of a(n) __________ memory.
a. | implicit | c. | episodic | b. | procedural | d. | explicit |
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9.
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Before they take a test, Laverne and Shirley are told by their instructor,
"You are not allowed to use your books or notes, and looking at another person's
exam is prohibited." When Shirley asks what the instructor said, Laverne answers, "He
told us not to cheat." Laverne's memory of what the instructor said has been encoded
__________.
a. | visually | c. | procedurally | b. | semantically | d. | acoustically |
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10.
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A person trying to learn the vocabulary of a foreign language can remember the
foreign words by __________.
a. | using paired associates | c. | maintenance
rehearsal | b. | constructing links to something already familiar | d. | all of the
above |
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11.
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Angela's suspicious boyfriend asks her, "Where were you last Thursday
night?" To answer, Angela must use __________ memory.
a. | procedural | c. | episodic | b. | historical | d. | semantic |
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12.
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Interference refers to
a. | fading of memories over time. | c. | inability to store short-term
memories. | b. | intentionally blocking an unpleasant memory. | d. | blocking of a memory by previous or subsequent
memories. |
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13.
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One drawback of maintenance rehearsal is that __________.
a. | only the first item on the memorized list is recalled | c. | it does not involve
repetition | b. | it does not connect memorized information to past learning | d. | only the last item on the memorized list is
remembered |
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14.
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By having your review session for an exam in the same room in which the exam
will be given, you are most likely to benefit from __________ memory.
a. | semantic | c. | state-dependent | b. | context-dependent | d. | flashbulb |
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15.
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On the Fourth of July, a boy lit a sparkler and swung it quickly in a circle.
In the dark, the sparkler's light seemed to make a complete circle. This illusion is due
to the effects of __________ memory.
a. | sensory | c. | echoic | b. | semantic | d. | short-term |
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16.
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The average person can hold in short-term memory a list of __________.
a. | seven items | c. | nine items | b. | eight items | d. | five items |
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17.
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Infantile amnesia is probably the result of __________.
a. | the present-oriented nature of infants | c. | undeveloped language
abilities | b. | the immaturity of the hippocampus | d. | all of the
above |
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18.
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Chunking is associated with
a. | sensory storage. | c. | short-term memory. | b. | recognition. | d. | long-term
memory. |
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19.
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The skills needed for riding a bicycle are stored as __________.
a. | episodic memories | c. | echoic memories | b. | procedural memories | d. | generic
memories |
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20.
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The best way to keep information active in short-term memory is through
______________ rehearsal, while ______________ rehearsal is more effective for encoding
information into long-term memory.
a. | visual; semantic | c. | elaborative; maintenance | b. | maintenance;
elaborative | d. | semantic;
visual |
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21.
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Which of the following describes your ability to identify the name of your first
grade teacher in a newspaper article?
a. | confabulation | c. | selective attention | b. | recognition | d. | recall |
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22.
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According to the information-processing model of memory, if a person
completely loses the ability for __________ memory, the person will not be able to form any
memories of any kind.
a. | long-term | c. | sensory | b. | short-term | d. | semantic |
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23.
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William is talking with his children. "You should have been there the first
time that I saw your mother," he remembers. "I can still see her standing by the
door asking me for directions to the freeway." William is drawing from his __________
memory.
a. | sensory | c. | avoidance | b. | semantic | d. | episodic |
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24.
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Roger was bicycling to class when his brakes failed and he crashed into a
building. When he came to, he could not remember the events prior to his accident. In other
words, Roger was experiencing __________.
a. | anterograde amnesia | c. | retrograde amnesia | b. | retroactive interference | d. | proactive
interference |
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25.
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Homer Simpson is trying to remember the different functions of the control
panel at the nuclear power plant where he works. He remembers the functions of the different
buttons by thinking about the types of donuts that the buttons most resemble. For example, he is
supposed to press a red button to shut off the reactors when they are about to have a meltdown.
He remembers this because the red button reminds him of cherry donuts, which he only eats
during hot weather. The type of processing that Homer is using is __________
rehearsal.
a. | levels-of-processing | c. | transfer-appropriate | b. | elaborative | d. | maintenance |
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26.
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Remembering how to jump rope, a skill you have not practiced in many years, is
an example of which kind of memory?
a. | episodic | c. | procedural | b. | declarative | d. | semantic |
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27.
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Computers and people both handle information using the processes of
__________.
a. | procedural, generic, and episodic memories | c. | encoding, storage, and
retrieval | b. | maintenance and elaborative rehearsals | d. | sensory, short-term, and long-term
memories |
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28.
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Gerianna is playing in her senior piano recital. Later, when her friends ask
her how she can remember such long and complex pieces, Gerianna explains that these tasks
involve __________ memory, and words cannot aptly describe it.
a. | semantic | c. | procedural | b. | acoustic | d. | episodic |
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29.
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Frank needed to call the local department store to see if his catalog order
was in. He found the telephone number in the phone book, mentally rehearsed the number, and
called the department store. Most likely, this number was stored in __________ memory.
a. | long-term | c. | semantic | b. | episodic | d. | short-term |
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30.
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Facts learned in classes at school become part of the __________.
a. | generic memory | c. | procedural memory | b. | iconic memory | d. | episodic memory |
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31.
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An eyewitness' memory of a crime can be distorted by __________.
a. | returning to the scene of the crime | c. | describing the scene of the crime
in his or her own words | b. | hypnosis | d. | all of the
above |
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32.
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The three memory processes are
a. | storage, encoding, and recognition. | c. | chunking, retrieval, and
storage. | b. | rehearsal, storage, and reconstruction. | d. | encoding, storage, and
retrieval. |
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33.
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Information in short-term memory lasts for __________.
a. | several hours | c. | several days | b. | several minutes | d. | several seconds |
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34.
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The process of putting incoming information into a form with which the memory
system can work is called __________.
a. | encoding | c. | retrieval | b. | storage | d. | processing |
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35.
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Procedural memory is __________.
a. | memory of a specific event | c. | generalized knowledge of the
world | b. | easily stated or put into words | d. | memory of how to do
things |
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36.
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Short-term memory
a. | lasts about one minute. | c. | lasts about one-half
second. | b. | has a limited capacity. | d. | lasts without rehearsal. |
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37.
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According to Hermann Ebbinghaus's experiments, a person's ability to
recall a list of words decreases dramatically __________.
a. | seven minutes after learning the list | c. | during the first hour after
learning the list | b. | one day after learning the
list | d. | two hours after
learning the list |
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38.
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Relating new information to something already known helps a person remember the
new facts by __________.
a. | requiring deeper thought about the new information | c. | creating an echoic
memory | b. | using a mnemonic device | d. | creating an iconic memory |
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39.
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Richie is going to the store to buy the following items: eggs, milk, bread,
apples, and flour. He tries to remember the shopping list by repeating it over and over.
Richie is using __________ rehearsal.
a. | elaborative | c. | maintenance | b. | semantic | d. | episodic |
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40.
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Studying for a test in the same room in which it will be held may result in a
better grade because of __________.
a. | context-dependent memory | c. | state-dependent
memory | b. | eidetic memory | d. | iconic memory |
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41.
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Which of the following does NOT result in forgetting?
a. | interference | c. | repression | b. | decay | d. | confabulation |
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42.
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Flashbulb memories are so vivid because they __________.
a. | recall events with special meanings | c. | involve learning skills that are
never forgotten | b. | are not recalled very often | d. | do all of the above |
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43.
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The first stage of memory is __________.
a. | long-term memory | c. | short-term memory | b. | sensory memory | d. | context-dependent
memory |
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44.
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HOMES, an acronym for the five Great Lakes (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie,
Superior), is an example of
a. | eidetic memory. | c. | a mnemonic device. | b. | maintenance rehearsal. | d. | semantic
memory. |
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45.
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Psychologist George Miller discovered that short-term memory is limited to
about
a. | one hour. | c. | 10 words. | b. | 14 numbers. | d. | seven items. |
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46.
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A visual code helps a person remember a fact by __________.
a. | creating a mental picture | c. | representing the fact by its
meaning | b. | storing the fact as a sequence of sounds | d. | pairing it with another
fact |
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47.
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The three types of memory are
a. | iconic, sensory, and long-term. | c. | iconic, eidetic, and
sensory. | b. | short-term, long-term, and iconic. | d. | sensory, short-term, and
long-term. |
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48.
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The three basic processes of memory are __________.
a. | encoding, storage, and maintenance | c. | recognition, storage, and
retrieval | b. | encoding, storage, and forgetting | d. | encoding, storage, and
retrieval |
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49.
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Most people forget things because of the normal processes of __________.
a. | maintenance and elaborative rehearsals | c. | interference and
decay | b. | chunking and schema | d. | repression and amnesia |
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50.
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We can more easily remember bits of information by organizing them into mental
representations of the world called __________.
a. | icons | c. | schemas | b. | echoes | d. | mnemonic
devices |
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