Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of the following refers to the tendency to perform better in the presence
of a group?
a. | social facilitation | c. | social transformation | b. | social
inhibition | d. | social
polarization |
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2.
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In Harold Leavitt's experiment on communication patterns, the slowest at
solving the problem but the happiest group was the
a. | circle. | c. | chain. | b. | Y. | d. | wheel. |
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3.
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The hypothesis that the failure to obtain something leads to aggression is
the
a. | social trap hypothesis. | c. | frustration-aggression
hypothesis. | b. | catharsis hypothesis. | d. | cognitive hypothesis. |
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4.
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Which of the following is NOT a feature that distinguishes a group from an
aggregate (nongroup)?
a. | ideology | c. | shared goals | b. | communication | d. | interdependence |
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5.
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Group members make decisions through consensus under
a. | charismatic leadership. | c. | laissez-faire
leadership. | b. | authoritarian leadership. | d. | democratic leadership. |
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6.
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People suffering from cognitive dissonance are likely to __________.
a. | refuse to commit to long-term relationships | c. | change their attitudes to match
their behavior | b. | blame other people for their problems | d. | do all of the
above |
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7.
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The tendency to assume that someone else will handle emergencies when more than
one person is present is called
a. | confusion of roles. | c. | group cooperation. | b. | group dynamics. | d. | diffusion of
responsibility. |
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8.
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Stanley Milgram was investigating _____ in his classic teacher-learner shock
study.
a. | the effects of reinforcement on learning | c. | obedience to
authority | b. | the effects of punishment on learning | d. | all of these
options |
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9.
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Which of the following theories of aggression suggests that the media is
responsible for teaching aggressive behavior to children?
a. | personality factors theory | c. | environmental factors
theory | b. | cognitive factors theory | d. | biological influences theory |
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10.
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Which of the following sayings represents the idea of catharsis?
a. | “Mind your own business.” | c. | “Take it
easy.” | b. | “You've got to be kidding.” | d. | “Get it off your
chest.” |
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11.
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The key factor in forming a group is
a. | shared goals. | c. | communication. | b. | interaction. | d. | interdependency. |
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12.
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A social trap occurs when individuals in a group decide
a. | to cooperate. | c. | not to cooperate. | b. | not to conflict. | d. | to be
altruistic. |
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13.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true of obedience to authority?
a. | Individuals may obey irrational commands. | c. | People obey even if it goes against
their moral views. | b. | People are more likely to obey when the
authority figure is not around. | d. | Social conditioning prohibits people from disobeying legitimate authority
figures. |
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14.
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The results of Milgram's research suggest that _____ will follow orders to
hurt
someone.
a. | everyone | c. | people with mental disorders | b. | only
“monsters” | d. | a
majority of “normal” people |
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15.
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In the Robber's Cave experiment
a. | emergencies requiring cooperation led to the groups coming together. | c. | the two groups did
not come together. | b. | competitive athletic events led to
cooperation. | d. | differences
between the groups were settled by fun activities. |
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16.
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The study of how other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions is
called
_____.
a. | sociobehavioral psychology | c. | social science | b. | sociology | d. | social psychology |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
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17.
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Some groups require ____________________ that may involve personal sacrifice,
hardship, or humiliation.
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18.
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Not performing well in front of a crowd may result from
____________________.
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19.
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A ____________________ leader is charismatic, provides individualized attention
to group members, and is able to enthuse and intellectually stimulate group members.
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20.
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According to the ___________________________________, a failure to obtain
something expected leads to aggression.
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21.
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Solomon Asch's experiment was designed to test ____________________ to
one's peers.
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22.
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When we give in to social pressure in our public behavior but do not change our
private beliefs, ____________________ occurs.
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23.
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A ____________________ is behavior expected of an individual because of his or
her membership in a particular group.
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24.
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Giving a better performance in front of a crowd may result from
_________________________.
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25.
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A person's aggressive behavior can be influenced by ____________________,
such as serotonin.
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26.
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A person experiencing ____________________ is releasing anger or aggression by
expressing powerful negative emotions.
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27.
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The study of ____________________ considers the roles various members play in
the group and how these roles are interrelated.
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28.
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In the ____________________ experiment, those acting as prison guards quickly
became intoxicated with power.
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Matching
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Match each term with the correct item below. a. | sociogram | i. | groupthink | b. | task functions | j. | deindividuation | c. | commitment | k. | norms | d. | altruism | l. | bystander effect | e. | foot-in-the-door
technique | m. | compliance | f. | social functions | n. | social inhibition | g. | social
norms | o. | cooperation | h. | ideology | p. | aggression |
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29.
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method of gaining compliance
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30.
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principles, attitudes, and objectives for which a group stands
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31.
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helping people for reasons other than rewards
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32.
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results from group emphasizing unity over critical thinking
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33.
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diagram that represents relationships within a group
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34.
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group purposes directed toward satisfying members' emotional needs
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35.
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individual takes no action due to others' presence
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36.
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giving in to social pressure in our public behavior
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37.
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performance declines in the presence of others
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38.
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behaving irrationally when there is less chance of being identified
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39.
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group purposes directed toward getting a job done
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40.
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shared standards of behavior and attitudes
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True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or
false.
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41.
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There is no one best style for leadership; different kinds of groups require
different styles of leadership.
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42.
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Critics of using catharsis to control aggression suggest that releasing
aggression is a diffusion of responsibility.
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43.
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Experiments that have the potential to cause harm to the participants must be
screened by research committees before the American Psychological Association will allow its members
to conduct the experiments.
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44.
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A centralized organization is more important for socially oriented groups than
for task-oriented groups.
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45.
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People who actively participate in groups tend to have lower morale because they
see the struggles that occur within the group.
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46.
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One key to holding large groups together is direct communication among members
of the group.
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47.
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A good way for the group to avoid poor decision making is to insist that the
group's leader make all the decisions.
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48.
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Task-oriented groups include construction crews, political parties, and
neighborhood watches.
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49.
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A person's opinion may become even more extreme if the group agrees with
and reinforces that opinion.
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50.
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When a group's norm is violated, the group will react with some measure of
punishment ranging from criticism to exclusion from the group.
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